Preparation of shampoo is also called saponification or saponification reaction, which is the reaction that occurs between fat or oil with sodium hydoxide to produce soap and glycerol. The general form of the saponification reaction equation is as follows:
H2C-O-CO-R
H2C-OH
|
|
HC-O-CO-R
+ 3 NaOH -> 3 RCOONa + HC-OH
|
|
H2C-O-CO-R
H2C-OH
Soap
that occurs is a salt derived from weak acid and strong base so that the pH of
soap solution that occurs approximately 8.3 or is alkaline. Soap is a major
component of shampoos when the soap is directly used for the skin or hair will
cause irritation to the skin or eyes, especially in children under five, so
controlling the pH price is very important. The recommended pH price for
shampoo is 5.5 to reduce the pH value from 8.3 to 5.5 can be used citric acid.
Brian Ratcliff at all (2004; 157). In this case citric acid serves to regulate
the equilibrium of H + ions or pH values, Citric acid as a weak acid or
partially ionized HA in water and it can be assumed the ionisation reaction is
as follows: HA (aq) D H + (aq) + A- (aq), While the A-ion (aq) is a conjugate
acid derived from fatty acids from the ionization of soaps or shampoos. By
adjusting the amount of citric acid added, the shampoo will have the desired
degree of acidity as recommended so as not to cause any disruption to the skin
or the wearer's eyes. The degree of acidity is what distinguishes shampoos for
dry hair, oily hair or normal hair and shampoos that can be used in children
under five without causing pain in the eyes or irritation of the skin.
v Raw materials make shampoo :
ü NaCl
Sodium
Chloride is also known as salt, salt, table salt. Is an ionic compound with the
formula NaCl. NaCl is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean
and from the extraculicular fluid of many multicept organisms as the main
ingredient in this edible salt, commonly used as a food spice and preservative.
In the manufacture of liquid soap function as a soap thickener that is still in
the form of water.
ü Dyes and Perfumes
Serves as an addictive substance and
will not reduce the quality of the soap, the original color of soap is brown,
and smells less attractive. So the addition of perfumes and dyes can affect the
consumer's attention to soap colek, so it will be sold quickly when it will be
sold. Usually in the use of yellow color and aroma of oranges to be more able
to remove the smell of dirt to be cleaned.
ü Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Sodium laurylsulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS)
(C12H25SO4Na) is an anionic surfactant commonly present in cleaning products.
This chemical salt is an anion-containing 12-tail carbon anion organosulfur
bonded to a sulfate group, making this chemical an ambifilic property which is
a requirement as a detergent.
SLS is a very powerful type of
surfactant and is commonly used in oil and dirt cleaning products. For example,
SLS is found in high concentrations in industrial products such as engine
degreasers, floor cleaners, and car shampoos. SLS is used in low levels in
toothpaste, shampoo and shaving foam. This chemical is the main ingredient in
the chemical formulation for bubble bath because of its thickening effect and
the ability to produce foam.
ü Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB)
Serves as 'surfactant', which stands
for "surface acting agent." Like Sodium Lauryl Etner Sulfate, it has
almost the same utility as a dirt cleaner or 'dust'.
ü Citric Acid
Citric acid is a weak organic acid
found in leaves and fruits of Citrus genus (citrus). This compound is a good
and natural preservative, besides being used as a sour flavor enhancer in foods
and soft drinks. In biochemistry, citric acid is known as an intermediate in
the citric acid cycle that occurs within the mitochondria, which is important
in the metabolism of living things. This substance can also be used as an
environmentally friendly cleaning agent and as an antioxidant.
hi intan, What is the danger if we use a shampoo containing hazardous chemicals?
BalasHapus1. Diethanolamine
HapusThese chemicals can form carcinogenic that triggers cancer. Carcinogenic can cause cancer directly by mutating in the DNA of body cells or indirectly through cell division so as to fail to create perfect cells. Failure that causes cancer cells.
2. Parabens
Parabens content can indeed affect estrogen levels that make hormones become unbalanced. Parabens are also contained in some cosmetics. This ingredient is known as a harmful substance because it can trigger skin cancer.
3. Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is also known as urea doazolidinyl or a material for preserving corpses and is very dangerous for health. These chemicals can cause skin inflammation, burns, and inflammation.
4. Ammonium Lauryl, Laureth Sulfate, and Ammonium Xylene Sulfonate
These materials do function to clean and cause foam. All three ingredients contained in shampoo, but can make your hair dry.
What are the harmful additives present in the diet?
BalasHapusHarmful additives are as follows:
Hapus-Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG)
On the label is usually written as MSG, natural flavor or glutamic acid. According to the Arizona Center for Advanced Medicine report, a certain amount of MSG can promote growth, and spread, cancer cells in the body, and can also be associated with "sudden cardiac death."
-Aspartam
Aspartame is a food additive that acts as an artificial sweetener, and is found in many drinks, soft drinks, candy, sugar free desserts, chewing gum and the like. Research in June 2009, "Clinical Journal of Pain" mentions Aspartame as a trigger for migraine headaches. Aspartame may cause neurological problems, such as hallucinations, and consumption of artificial sweeteners in the long term may increase the risk of cancer.
-Siclamate
Cyclamate is another artificial sweetener, in the United States this food additive is prohibited because it has the potential to cause cancer. It is suspected that cyclamate can actually increase cancer-causing activity from other substances, rather than causing cancer itself.
-Olestra
Olestra is a fat substitute that has no calories and can not be absorbed by the digestive system, so it just passes by. These additives are often used in food potato chips and other greasy foods. Olestra often has a negative impact on the digestive system.
-Fat tires
Trans fats are often found in foods such as margarine, donuts, microwave popcorn and a variety of fried foods. On August 15, 2009 "American Family Physician" states that trans fats should be avoided, as one of the substances that can cause problems in coronary heart disease.
-Pilil Gallate
Propyl gallate is a food additive in the form of preservatives found in oils, soups, candies and meat products. It works like the BHA, listed above, and is two commonly preserved food preservatives.
-Saccharin
Saccharin is another artificial sweetener, used in soft drinks. CSPI states that, like other artificial sweeteners, it has been found that saccharin can cause cancer in the urinary tract.
What is effect from Sodium Lauryl Sulphate?
BalasHapusThese chemicals are the main ingredients in chemical formulations for bubble baths because of their thickening effect and the ability to produce foams.
HapusWhat is natural substances can we make a shampoo?
BalasHapusNatural ingredients that can be used for shampoo ie Egg, Baking Soda, Yogurt, Lime, Avocado, Tea, Pecan, Aloe Vera, for the way of making can be searched in google, thanks.
HapusWhat is the main ingredient in making shampoo?
BalasHapusThe raw materials used to make shampoos vary greatly. This is understandable because the development of shampoo products is very intensive. Here is the grouping of shampoo raw materials in general:
Hapus1) Active Ingredient (Active Ingredient)
This material is the main ingredient in making shampoos, which are usually called surfactants. Based on the chemical process, this material has the "ability" to bind and remove impurities. From this surfactant material shampoo can produce foam. Based on its ion charge, in shampoo products are known three types of surfactants.
Ø An-ionic Surfaces
An anionic surfactant is a surfactant containing a negative ion charge. This type of surfactant includes alkyl sulphate and polyoxythylene alkyl ether sulphate, which is then developed into several grades by trade name, such as Emul E70C, Alksurf ES 30, Emal TD, Mackadet BS, Emal 20 C, Tigerfax AOS , Mackadet SBC-8. This type of anionic surfactant is the most widely used surfactant.
Non-ionic surfactants
Non-ionic surfactants are surfactants that do not contain ion charges, either negative or positive (neutral) ions. Generally, it is combined with an anionic surfactant. This non-ionic surfactant has a structure called fatty alkanoolanide, known by trade name, among others Standpol, Aminon S-01, and Aminon L-02.
Ø Cationic Surfactants
Cationic surfactants are positively charged and rarely used because some of them can have negative effects on the eye, unless the numbers are small. The development of cationic surfactants is rather slow.
The development between cationic and anionic surfactants is also unusual because it is incompatible. Nevertheless, the possibilities of combining the two are increasingly open. The above surfactant ingredients, generally in the form of viscous liquids (partially in the form of paste), are slightly yellowish.
Whether to use sodium hydroxide to produce soap?
BalasHapusSodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda, caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, is a type of caustic metal base. Sodium Hydroxide is formed from basic oxides Sodium Oxide dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide forms a strong alkaline solution when dissolved into water. The compound is used to produce a hard soap.
Hapus